Projects in Vietnam

Objectives of the training

The "TADiDÃ" training workshop aims at reinforcing the acquisition of theoretical, methodological and practical knowledge on field surveys in social sciences. In a perspective of "training for research by research", this workshop aims to involve participants in a field study which embraces all the stages of the qualitative approach in social sciences. The pedagogical objective is to put into practice an inductive and empirical approach, according to which the researcher moves back and forth between concepts, research object, field data and interpretations.

This workshop also aims to promote networking among trainers and participants, who will come from various institutions, disciplines and regions of Vietnam, and to strengthen partnerships between the involved institutions.

Organization

The training lasts 10 days and is divided into three parts:

• Preparatory interventions on methodology and theory (2 days),
• Field surveys (5 days),
• data processing, analysis and restitution (3 days).

It will be held from year to year in the North, Center and South of Vietnam.

Targeted audience

The target audience are undergraduate students, master's students, doctoral students, young lecturer and professionals (civil servants, NGO members, consultants) (20-25 participants) who need to carry out field surveys as part of their work (20-25 participants).

Coordinated by IRD and USSH-Hanoi (Department of Anthropology)

Project coordinators

• Emmanuel Pannier (IRD-PALOC),
• Lâm Minh Châu (USSH, VNU)

Partners: EFEO, USSH-TP HCM, Huê University (Faculty of Science), Institute for Social, Economic and Environmental Research (iSEE).

General objective(s) of the project

The general objective of SIMPLE is to raise awareness of young audiences on the challenges of finding sustainable solutions to environmental problems by developing, testing and delivering a “sustainability metaverse”, i.e., an infrastructure and a set of pedagogical methods based on immersive virtual reality environments, serious games and scientific simulations. SIMPLE will work in close cooperation with authorities, CSOs, and educational actors in the Lower Mekong countries (Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam) to test the relevance of these approaches, to enable a better participation of young citizens and a better understanding of the impact of proposed policies on local case studies, selected for their importance and universality.  

Specific objectives

• SO1: Raise youth’s awareness on climate neutrality, climate change mitigation and adaptation, biodiversity protection and ecosystem restoration, circular economy, or ocean protection through the design of educational immersive virtual environments.
• SO2: Enable CSOs, educational actors and institutions to reuse the tools and instantiate similar virtual environments targeting different sustainability issues.
• SO3: Ensure stakeholder’s adoption of the tools, through educational approaches and communication campaigns in the implementation countries.

Target group(s)

• MAINLY the youth (primary and secondary student with different backgrounds – rural, urban, vulnerable communities, goal of having gender-balanced groups within the project)
• Civil society organizations (involved in sustainable development, socio-environmental issues, targeting youth empowerment, especially in vulnerable communities, addressing gender issues)
• Educational actors (including research institutes, experts in educational approaches, primary and high-school teachers)
• Government/ local authorities (with the mission of educating on the principles of sustainable development and environmental protection)

à Final beneficiaries are urban and rural ASEAN citizens, especially young people aged 12-18, with varying degrees of awareness of environmental and social issues. Focus on young people from more vulnerable backgrounds.

Main activities

• A first set of activity is dedicated to models and scenarios for the virtual environments (model design, development of scenarios and intervention strategies, design of the players participation).
• The second set is dedicated to the hardware infrastructure and software platform building, as well as the graphic design and interaction mechanisms.
• A whole section of the activities is about the design of pedagogical approaches and training.
• The last set focuses on outreach and dissemination for the project.

Expected results

• Four virtual universes, with their underlying models dedicated to relevant sustainability, identified post stakeholders’ consultations, built, and tested.
• A comprehensive study of the relevance and impact of these new educational tools is being organized, in particular on the value of participatory virtual environments to better understand sustainability issues.
• Several consultations, training and game sessions are organized to help stakeholders learn to master the tools, test them and use them to explore the impact of solutions to sustainability issues.
• The infrastructure specifications and software frameworks are made available for reuse by academic, institutional and CSOs ASEAN partners.

Funding

• Total estimated budget – 3,113,776.27€
• Funded by the European Union – 2,498,250.00€

Sponsor's name: 

European Union (follow-up by the European Union Delegation in Jakarta)

Countries of intervention

Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam

Partners

• Can Tho University (CTU, Vietnam),
• National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA, Thailand),
• French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD, France),

Partners in Cambodia and Laos will be identified later on in the project.

Unit Research involved

• UMMISCO
• ISEM

Contact

• Head of the project: Alexis Drogoul email
• Project coordinator: Jeanne Cottenceau email  

Air pollution is a global environmental and health problem. Although it has become a major concern in the large cities of the Global South, few of them manage to tackle this pollution effectively. According to WHO (2016), air pollution plays a direct role in 4.2 million deaths worldwide each year. Urban dwellers in the Global South bear most of this burden: Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) countries account for 90 % of the mortality associated with ambient air pollution. In recent years, the gap between high-income countries and LMICs has widened regarding the management of air pollution issues. In the Global North, where air pollution has been on the policy agenda since the 1960s, major improvements have occurred during the past three decades. Improved scientific knowledge, better emission monitoring, infrastructure investments and more stringent regulatory norms and standards have led to a substantial decrease in air pollution compared with the 1970s.

The core objective of GlobalSmog is to identify and explain the technical, social and political processes that negatively or positively influence the management of air pollution in cities of the Global South, and through this study to improve the theoretical and practical knowledge on urban and multi-level public policy processes in the Global South.

Learn more about the project

In a context of accelerating urban expansion, major changes in land use patterns in Vientiane, the transdisciplinary approach - combining environmental sciences (ecology, biology), social sciences (urban geography) and urbanism – of this project aims to provide a global perspective on waste management issue at a landfill scale.

A spotlight on the tight spatial relationships between ecosystems, human activities (including urban planning) and health will be carried out through the implementation of various measures and analyses in order to establish a diagnosis of the extent of pollution and health risks and to prevent a zoonotic disease emergence; to raise awareness of the need to advocate for the One Health Approach in urban areas with the decision-makers and the public at large.

The methodology of the research, in particular for all the activities related to social sciences will be elaborated jointly with the Vietnamese team (Hanoi Architectural University) which will share its experience in the spatial and social data collection and treatment.

The project INEDI will be led by Oudomphone Insisiengmay (CLAST) and Karine Peyronnie (IRD)

IRD Research Units: Prodig

Funding: French solidarity fund for innovative projects (FSPI) “One Health in Practice in Southeast Asia”

IRD Coordinator: Madame Karine Peyronnie

Laos Coordinator: Madame Oudomphone Insisiengmay (CLAST)

Partners:

Laos

The Cabinet of Lao Academy of Science and Technology (CLAST) of the Lao Ministry of Education and Sports: Mrs Oudomphone Insisiengmay

National University of Laos (NUOL)

• Faculty of Environment: Mrs Khemngeun PONGMALA
• Faculty of Architecture: Mr Germua TONGPOH
• Faculty of Sciences: Mr Liphone NOPHASEUD

Vietnam

University of Architecture Hanoi: Mrs Thai Huyen NGUYEN

The BufFarm OneHealth Sea project seeks to explore the relationships between farm animals, local knowledge, and wider systems of agriculture and environment. On a global scale evidence has been made on the role of expanding livestock farming both as a threat to biodiversity and as increasingly putting human and animal health at risk. However, little distinction is generally made between the different production systems ranging from smallholders to industrial farms, and between the diversity and species distribution on the planet. This last aspect being particularly complex as it depends both on variations of specific socio-economic contexts and on the cultural values associated with animals in different cultures. In to better understand the complex links between farm production system, biodiversity, animal and human health, the project focuses on extensive buffalos farming in Thailand, Laos and Vietnam.

Grounded in Anthropology the project has a strong participatory dimension. The herders knowledge will be the starting point of investigation. Once documented the local knowledge will be putted into dialogue with various scientific perspectives (anthropology, botany and ecology). This will help to encourage and promote virtuous practices for livestock farming guaranteeing the good health of humans, animals and the environment.

The seasonality of extensive buffalo farming implies a multiscale perspective at the village and the forest level:

At the village level, the objective is to take an interest on the daily animal care practices and local medicine, by carrying out in situ plant collection with identification and taxonomic survey of fauna and flora. The associated uses and techniques, as well as the interpretation of animal behavior will also be documented. The medical pluralism including ethnoveterinary medicine and contemporary veterinary biomedicine will be fully considered, notably the use of antibiotics. At the village level, the ecological impact of the presence of buffalo will also be studied.

At the forest level, the project will first aim at completing the buffalo plant database and seek to explore self-medication practices. The idea is to follow the animal along with their owner to observe the plants specimen, roots, flowers, etc. consumed in situ and seek for potential self-medication practices. In order to assess the environmental and sanitarian risks an innovative methodology of tracing will be developed. Some individual buffalos will be equipped with collar GPS to track their presence and satellite images will be used to counting interaction with wild animals and define specific area that buffalos spread on the grazing area. Camera traps will also be positioned in strategical point of contacts and interactions with wild animals.

IRD research unit involved: UMR PALOC (IRD/MNHN)

Partners:

• Thailand:  University of Kasetsart, Bangkok Herbarium (Department of Agriculture), International Buffalo Information Center (IBIC)
• Laos:  Centre EFEO de Vientiane
• Vietnam:  University of Hué

Funding: IRD, TICA ‘Innovative Animal Health’, FSPI One Health SEA 

Contact: Nicolas Lainé

Carbon storage and biogeochemical cycling in soil is influenced by physical, chemical and biological processes, which are most often studied separately. Our project aims to overcome this limitation as it elucidates the impact of soil fauna, in particular earthworms, on the formation of organo-mineral interactions in biogenic aggregates. We will study these processes through a combination of field and laboratory experiments in temperate as well as tropical environments. Our research goes beyond the current state of knowledge because it is based on specific earthworm traits instead of using the traditional functional group classification. The project results concern fundamental knowledge of relationships between traits and their function in terms of soil carbon sequestration. These processes will be addressed using modern state of art techniques and concepts. The results will be implemented by developing new model parameters and agroecological (field) applications.

The project brings together 8 French laboratories (IEES, Eosys, IC2MP, LEM, Eco&Sol, UMMISCO, Metis) and two foreign partners in Vietnam (SFRI) and Madagascar (LRI).

Funded by ANR

PI : Cornelia Rumpel

Soil bioturbation relies in the movement of soil and the production of soil aggregates (casts, nests…) by soil animals with specific physical and chemical properties. The objective of SiWorm is to test if the activity of soil engineers (mainly earthworms) influence of mobility of Si and its diffusion from the soil to the aquatic environment.

• Is the bioturbation activity by earthworms (ie the production of castings on the soil surface) associated with a modification of the status of Si (associated with OM or minerals in the form of dissolved Si, DSi, or particulate, PSi) and / or dependent on plant cover and climate? – Is bioturbation activity by earthworms associated with an exportation of Si at the plot level?

• Is bioturbation activity by earthworms associated with an exportation of Si at the plot level?

This project will be carried out in Dong Cao watershed in northern Vietnam (M-Tropics observatory labeled by INSU and included in OZCAR, the French contribution to the international critical zone initiative), in collaboration with researchers from the Soils and Fertilizer Research Institute. Exploratory tests will also be carried out at the Chrey Bak observatory in Cambodia, in partnership with researchers from the Institute of Technology of Cambodia.

Founded by INSU, EC2CO program

PI : Jean-Dominique Meunier (CEREGE)

Participants iEES: Pascal JOUQUET & Nicolas BOTTINELLI

The project PRECIOUS focuses on earthworm activity and soil hydraulic properties in Vietnam and France. It aims to (i) define functional groups based on soil water flow (soil hydraulic conductivity and water retention capacity) and (ii) test the complementarity of these groups to mitigate the impact of extreme events (monsoon rains and drought) on the dynamics of water. Functional groups will be defined in the laboratory from the eco-morpho-anatomical traits and the 3D burrow systems of 30 Megascolecidae in Vietnam and 30 Lumbricidae in France. The assemblage of functional groups will be carried out in lysimeters in Vietnam, where water flow (vertical and horizontal) will be monitored for 2 years, covering extreme climatic conditions.

Funded by ANR

PI: Nicolas Bottinelli

Partnership: Vietnam (VAST, VAAS, VNU) and France (INRAE, IRD)

Documentary film

Overuse of caesarean section (C-section) has adverse consequences on maternal and child health. It also deviates essential resources worldwide and hinders universal access to healthcare services. QUALI-DEC project aims at developing and evaluating a strategy
to implement non-clinical interventions and reduce unnecessary C-sections in Argentina, Burkina Faso, Thailand and Vietnam.

This strategy combines four active ingredients:

• opinion leaders to implement evidence-based clinical guidelines,
• caesarean audits and feedback to help providersidentify potentially avoidable C-sections,
• a decision-analysis tool to empower women for better decision-making on mode of delivery,
• the implementation of WHO recommendations on companionship during labour to support women during vaginal birth.

The project promotes the engagement of stakeholders at all levels (policymakers, health providers and end-users i.e. women) from the very start of the project to implement intervention components, which take into account the local context and to ensure a maximisation of the expected impacts. To improve the quality of implementation and use of evidence, knowledge transfer activities will be implemented.The evaluation will examine physical and psycho-social effects of the strategy and will highlight the interdependent relationship between maternal and child outcomes related to overuse of C-section. Particular attention will be given to equity issues and gender considerations in the interpretation of results.

Overall, our project will improve appropriate use of C-sections and will address several SDG targets including
improving maternal and neonatal health and reducing inequalities within and between countries.

UMR 196 - CEPED 

Partners : Karolinska Institutet (Sweden), University College Dublin - National University of Ireland, World Health Organization (Switzerland), Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales Asociacion (Argentina), Khon Kaen University, Fundacio Blanquerna (Spain), Centre national de recherche scientifique et technologique - Institut de Recherche en sciences de la santé (Burkina Faso), Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine (Vietnam)

Funding : 

• European Commission (Horizon 2020 programme)
• WHO

To find out more

Detailed project description

https://www.qualidec.com/en/home/

Alexandre Dumont
alexandre.dumont@ird.fr

Myriam De Loenzien 
myriam.de-loenzien@ird.fr

This research program explores the personal relationships and interactions (quan hệ) in contemporary Vietnamese society through the non-commercial circulation of goods and services. The latter refers to all transfers and exchanges (in kind or in money) based upon interpersonal relationships XE "interpersonal relationships"  that take place outside both the formal commercial marketplace and official state channels. It can include gift-giving, ritual exchange, informal credit, transaction within a rotating and saving credit association, corruption, labor exchange, offerings, donations, voluntary contribution, etc.

The approach consists in starting from transfers between people to grasp the forms of relationships involved and then going back to the social regulation regimes that govern the circulation of resources and the organization of social relationships. The objective is to measure in fine the role and the place of non-commercial flows and networks of personal relationships according to various social spaces and to see how they are connected (or not) to the state and market spheres.

Researchers

PANNIER Emmanuel

THOMAS Frédéric

The GEMMES VN project has been officially launched in Hanoi on the 8th of May, 2018 at the National Economics University with representatives of MONRE, the French Embassy and the Agence Française de Développement (AFD) from both Paris and Hanoi.

This project is an important focus of cooperation between France and Vietnam on the occasion of the 45th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the two countries, within the framework for implementing the Paris Climate Agreement in order to develop long-term strategies for countries facing climate change impacts. The project has a long-term focus, aiming to better assess the social and economic impacts of climate change, strengthen the country's capacity to adapt to inevitable climate change and to enhance its own resilience.

Objectives of the project are:

• Assess the impact and damage scenarios for Viet Nam under possible climate scenarios, and in particular in the cases of a global average temperature increase of 1.5°C; 2°C and 3°C.
• Analyze the economic, social and political opportunities and challenges potentially induced by climate change in Viet Nam. Understand the perceptions of and responses to environmental change specific to Vietnamese society, as well as the opportunities for investment and sectoral scaling up in adaptation sectors.

In view of these objectives, the project was built around 6 workpackages of research or activity:

A first workpackage (WP1) will deal with all climate related datasets and projections. It will build detailed spatial projections of different needed climate variables, taking into account the different sources of uncertainty on future climate (different possible Representative Concentration Pathways, but also the probability of extreme events).

Three workpackages (WP2, WP3 and WP4) will concentrate on the estimation of response functions of economic, social and regional variables to climate change or climate variability. WP2 will focus on the impact of climate change on agriculture, energy (demand and supply), of extreme events on infrastructure, as well as adaptation strategies. WP3 will deal with revenue inequalities, migrations (and labor mobility), health and nutrition. WP4 will have a focused climate-specific approach on parts of the Mekong delta, parts of the coastal region around Hoi An, and the marine protected area of Nha Trang.

A fifth workpackage (WP5) will deal with the macroeconomic impacts of climate change and adaptation strategies. It will use an aggregation of response functions from WP2, WP3 and WP4 in order to simulate the macroeconomic impact at an aggregate level according to different climate change scenarios computed in WP1. It will thus be able to picture the damages of Vietnam according to different average global temperature.

The sixth work package (WP6) focuses on climate change adaptation and its governance. An approach combining socio-anthropology, geography and development studies will allow for in-depth research on adaptive behaviours that cannot be fully captured by empirical studies and modelling alone. Field studies (Lào Cai, Cân Thơ, Bến Tre) will focus in particular on the perceptions of climate change by local populations and the role of relationship networks in responses to climate change.  
As part of this package, an Environmental History of Vietnam (EHVN) seminar has been set up in order to provide a meeting and exchange forum for building a community around the environmental humanities.

 Partners of the project are:

1. L’Agence française de Développement (AFD)
2. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE) with the representative of Department of Climate Change (DCC)
3. University of Science and Technology of Hanoi(USTH)
4. Institute of Research in Economics, Environment and Data Science (Facebook of IREEDS)
5. National Economics University (NEU)
6. Toulouse School of Economics (TSE)
7. Vietnam Initiative for Energy Transition (VietSE)
8. Mekong Development Research Institute (MDRI)
9. Can Tho University (CTU)
10. Le Centre national de la recherché scientifique (CNRS)
11. University of Social Sciences and Humanities (USSH)
12. L’Ecole Francaise D’Extreme-Orient (EFEO)

Project context

In 2015, Vietnam was ranked 4th in the world in terms of marine plastic pollution. Despite growing awareness of the dangers of this pollution, we know very little about the sources and pathways of marine plastics. The lack of interdisciplinary research on the subject results in a virtual absence of easily accessible data and scientific knowledge that could help the government in designing appropriate policies.

With this in mind, the IRD and its university partners (HCMUT, HAU) with the support of local authorities (DONRE HCMV), were pioneers in the implementation of scientific measures of the pollution of aquatic environments by plastics (Saigon River project) and scientific studies of informal plastic collection and recycling circuits in Hanoi (RecycUrbs project).

Birth of the project

The COMPOSE project was born in the continuity of this work, in partnership with the Embassy of France in Vietnam, engaged in an ambitious initiative under the label "Green Embassy", as well as civil society partners chosen for their commitment in this project (PRX, IUCN, ICISE). COMPOSE aims to improve the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge, in order to inform Vietnamese citizens and public decision-makers about the environmental pollution of plastics.

This project is led by the Embassy of France in Vietnam and IRD, in partnership with IUCN, PRX and ICISE

Global Objective

By combining scientific research, capacity building and awareness raising, the objective of this project is to obtain an accurate measurement of plastic pollution in Vietnam.

Eventually, the aim is to establish an observatory of the social and environmental dynamics of plastics in Vietnam, in order to generate data and knowledge for awareness-raising and public policy formulation.

Project Beneficiaries

The initial beneficiaries of the project will be the researchers and students trained within the network of Vietnamese laboratories identified by IRD. The ultimate beneficiaries, impacted via the networks and channels of the project partners (PRX, IUCN, ICISE and the French Embassy), will be the youth, government decision-makers, the general public and chambers of commerce.

Actions

Task 1: Support the production of reliable and freely accessible scientific data through the creation of a network of laboratories focused on the assessment of plastic from source to sea.

• Identification of a Vietnamese scientific network specialized in the interactions between society and the environment
• Equipment of 7 laboratories
• Training of researchers and technicians in the acquisition of social and environmental data
• Creation of an open database

Task 2: Strengthen national capacity to produce relevant scientific knowledge to understand society-environment interactions in the context of plastic pollution.

• Setting up a bibliographic watch
• Writing an experimental protocol
• Evaluation of the data produced by working groups and exchange of experiences
• Training of researchers in data criticism and scientific publication
•  Production of reports, publications, scientific supports

Task 3: Enable the dissemination of knowledge in the form of information products tailored for government, the private sector and general public.

• Identification of final beneficiaries
• Identification of information dissemination needs of project partners
• Realization of information and awareness materials and tools
• Organization of awareness raising sessions

Budget

643K euros
This project is specifically funded by the FSPI grant from the French Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs.

Partners

• French Embassy in Vietnam site
• Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD au Vietnam)
• International Union for Conservation of Nature (UICN au Vietnam) 
• Paris Region Expertise (PRX au Vietnam)
• International Centre for Interdisciplinary Science and Education (ICISE)

Contact 

compose.vietnam@ird.fr  et claire.golliet@ird.fr

Facebook

Exhibition "Plastic Matters : wild lives"

Documentary film

The LEGOS develops research projects in Vietnam since 2007 and participates to the new University of Sciences and Technology of Hanoi (USTH) for its department Water-Environment-Oceanography since 2009. In this context, IRD supported a « Chaire Croisee » (crossing post) in 2010 and 2011 between the Hanoi University of Science (VNU-HUS) and LEGOS.

Objectives and organisation

The activities of LEGOS in Vietnam started with the HAIPHONG project (EC2CO, 2008-2011). They continue with several research projects in coastal oceanography, from the local scale (estuary, bay, beach) to a regional scale. Our scientific objectives are:

• To improve knowledge of estuarine and coastal hydro-sedimentary processes (comprehension and formulation of erosion, aggregation and transport of suspended particles).
• To develop tools adapted for observation and analysis, in particular in marine optics and remote sensing.
• To model and understand functioning, variability at various scales (from hours to decades) and the long-term evolution of oceanic dynamics in the South China East Sea and in the Gulf of Tonkin.
• To study the response of sediment transport and marine pelagic ecosystems to dynamics and to its variability.

We jointly use in-situ measurements, satellite observations and numerical modeling in an integrated step. This makes it possible to approach the various components of the marine system and their interactions: oceanic and atmospheric dynamics, sediments, ecosystems. At sub-meso or meso-scale, hydrodynamic simulations are carried out with the regional ROMS model, coupled with atmospheric, biogeochemical or sediment transport models, according to the processes and study areas. In littoral zones, more adapted models will be employed.

Documentary film

The Asian Research Center on Water was created at the initiative of RESCIF (Network of Excellence of the Francophonie Engineering Sciences) in Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and benefits from a strong international momentum with French, Swiss, Canadian and Belgian partners. Headed by Phan Thi San Ha (HCMUT-VNU) and N. Gratiot (IRD), it hosts four IRD scientists ( E. Strady, P. Marchesiello, N. Gratiot, J. Aimé).

The research activities aim at strengthening the Saigon River and lower Mekong studies capacity, using field measurements, laboratory analyses and numeric simulation tools. We also focus particularly on the development of tools for environmental monitoring and risks assessment.

The influence of stability or variability of environmental conditions (physical, hydrological and chemical) and their impact on the structure of microbial communities and biodiversity is one of the most debated questions in ecology. An understanding of these factors and of the impacts of shifting human land use patterns on both small (field size) and larger scales under the anticipated future global change is essential for the development of effective and sustainable management of soil and water in the agricultural sector. There is currently no experimental demonstration of how changes in environmental factors, such as soil degradation, impact ecosystem functioning and productivity and, ultimately, on human health and safety provision. The UMR 242 iEES-Paris studies in Southeast Asia the impact of agricultural activities and practices on soil productivity within sloping lands; soil quality in different geographic locations (slope, terrace, flat, delta) and their associated aquatic systems (small lakes and hydropower dams) to mitigate Climate Change (CC) and Rapid Land-use Change (LUC). Research is focused on the transfer of matter, living and nonliving, organic and inorganic, via processes of exceptional rain events, floods, erosion, leaching and river transport. This research relies on an integrative, multidisciplinary group that use a set of biogeochemical and molecular microbial techniques, combined with agronomy, ecology, hydrology and modeling to provide solid answers to the fundamental question: how an ecosystem responds to changes in agricultural practices under climate change force? The originality of this research program on agro-ecology is the diversity of study scales and the diversity of experimental methods: the artificial world represented by the mesocosm to the real world in pilot farms and an experimental watershed instrumented and monitored for 10 years (MSEC project as environmental observatory).

Researchers participating in the project

BOTTINELLI Nicolas, biophysicien des sols, depuis 2015.
CLEMENT Floriane, sciences sociales, 2005-2008.
HENRI-DES-TUREAUX Thierry, hydrologue, 2006-2010.
JANEAU Jean-Louis, hydroécologue, 2011-2015.
JOUQUET Pascal, biologiste pédologue, 2006-2011.
LAISSUS Mathieu, agronome, 2009-2010.
MAEGHT Jean-Luc, biophysicien des sols, depuis 2015.
MASSELIS Guillaume, VIA, environmental engineer, depuis 2018
ORANGE Didier, hydrologue géochimiste, 2001-2013.
PODWOJEWSKI Pascal, pédologue géochimiste, 2002-2006.
ROCHELLE-NEWALL Emma, microbiologiste biogéochimiste, 2011-2013

Documentary films

• Dong Cao, Roots & Man
• Earthworms, Profession soil engineer

The development of permanent or temporary pedestrian areas, whether for leisure or to decrease air pollution, has become an integral part of urban planning in numerous cities around the world. Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, began to implement its first area, around the iconic Hoan Kiem lake, a few years ago. In most cases, however, a road closure is likely to deport traffic to nearby neighborhoods with the consequences of intensifying congestion and, possibly, increasing air pollution in these areas. Because this outcome might appear counter-intuitive to most stakeholders, it is becoming more and more necessary to analyze, assess, and share the impacts of these developments in terms of traffic and pollution shifts before implementing them. In the HoanKiemAir project, we used the GAMA platform to build an agent-based model that simulates the traffic, its emissions of air pollutants, and the diffusion of these pollutants in the district of Hoan Kiem. This simulation has been designed so as to serve either as a decision support tool for local authorities or as an awareness-raising tool for the general public: thanks to its display on a physical 3D model of the district, people can effectively and very naturally interact with it at public venues. Although still in progress, the simulation is already able to reflect traffic and air pollution peaks during rush hours, allowing residents and developers to understand the impact of pedestrianization on air quality in different scenarios.

Populations are increasingly vulnerable to disastrous natural or technological events, as demographic and urban growth lead to greater exposures of goods and people. Large scale evacuation strategies are efficient tools for mitigating this vulnerability. Nonetheless, risks incurred during an important displacement through an altered environment are high: refusal to evacuate, crashes, direct exposure to the source hazard, riots, emergency services failures… In France a policy called Territoires à Risques importants d’Inondation (TRI) has emerged to deal with floods, in a first step to deal with the most frequent natural disaster in this country. Nevertheless, local governments and emergency managers lack prospective tools to assist their understanding and planning of large scale evacuations. ESCAPE aims at overcoming this major problem by the creation of an evacuation operational research system.

The core of our project is the tight coupling between Geographical Information Systems, agent-based multiscale modelling and computer simulation exploring tools. It will be deployed and validated on real case studies, so as to generate simulations realistic enough to allow their use by emergency managers for experimenting evacuation strategies.

By combining sources including territorial information (land occupation, transport networks, hazards expansion and intensity), demographic data (residential and transitional population numbers, age pyramid), a mobilityand traffic management simulator (cars, bikes, pedestrians, public transport), and by providing different evacuation strategies (partial or complete, by waves or synchronous), we will provide measures on evacuation time of various crisis zones, and will make explicit local and global constraints on these times. For that, we need to explore at multiple space and time scales the emergence of collective behaviours that would detract from planned strategies, and to devise solutions to dampen the consequences of these behaviours on the evacuation times. The ESCAPE team will build demonstrators to allow productive interactions with emergency services and remain reality-grounded for the whole duration of the project. These prototypes will allow us to precisely identify the stakes at play in each case study and the needs of the various managers.

The "OriZine Vietnam" project (IRD, French Embassy in Vietnam) is part of the "Up!landrace" program (IRD). It analyses the social, political and institutional dynamics related to the cultivation and valorization of local varieties of high quality sticky rice in the mountainous areas of Northern Vietnam (Lào Cai and Yen Bái). This reflection takes place in a dual context. On the one hand, the improved rice varieties are spreading to the detriment of local varieties, related local knowledge and agrobiodiversity. On the other hand, the Government is seeking to improve the quality of Vietnamese rice in order to raise the price per ton, currently one of the lowest on the world market, but does not seem to take into account the potential of the local varieties.

In this context, farmers' practices and knowledge related to the cultivation of local sticky rice varieties, in particular seed circulation networks and varietal selection, are studied in order to grasp the social dimensions of the local dynamics of agrobiodiversity. This study also involves an approach in terms of anthropology of development to study the institutional process of quality protection/enhancement (labels, collective marks and geographical indications) of the local varieties currently underway. From a theoretical point of view, this research is part of a reflection on the concept of "commons". We question whether the management of local rice varieties can or could have the attributes of a commons, understood as local forms of collective management and appropriation of a resource.  We aim to contribute to the debate on the role of rural communities in cultivated biodiversity conservation.

Researchers

THOMAS Fréderic, PALOC IRD

PANNIER Emmanuel, PALOC, IRD

PHAN THI KIM Tâm, USSH

The major development challenges concern food security, the fight against poverty, ecological intensification and climate change. There are two main lines of action: (a) plant improvement and protection, (b) integrative biology and genomics for crop improvement.

In this context, genetic control, based on varietal creation/improvement, occupies a privileged place. It makes it possible to increase the natural genetic diversity of available resistances by introducing genes from wild plants into cultivated lines, or even by pyramiding R genes, and to reduce the use of pesticides, thus contributing to the reduction of environmental damage and the cost of agricultural production. UMR 186 RPB is strongly involved in teaching at USTH, with the co-direction of 3 teaching modules, and has developed a network of plant pathologists in Asia, "Surveillance Network on Rice Health in South East Asia" (SUNRISE), involving researchers from IRRI, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.

In Vietnam, UMR RPB leads four projects.

Project RICE’S EMERGING VIRUSES

Goals: Characterization of the viral diversity of RGSV (Rice grassy stunt virus) and RRSV (Rice ragged stunt virus), understanding of intra-host relations in mixed infection conditions; Identification of resistant rice cultivars.

Partners: PPRI, UMR, MIVEGEC

Funding :GDRI CNRS (2009-2012), BEST-IRD grant (2009-2012), PHCHoa Sen LotusMAE (2011-2012), LMI RICE -IRD (2011-2014), PPR SELTAR, Emerging Team operation.

Project VIRUS

Goal: Development of a new resistance strategy by RNAi (RNA interference) to fight against the RGSV and RRSV viruses.

Partners :LMI RICE, PPRI.

Funding :IRD thesis grant, operation of the Effectors-Targets Team and LMI RICE. 

Project NEMATODES

Goal: Study of the diversity of mandatory plant-parasitic nematodes (Meloidogynespp.) subordinated to rice (Malyna Suong's thesis project, ARTS-IRD 2014-16 grant) and the plants’ defence mechanisms against nematodes.

Partners :HUA and LMI Rice (Vietnam), RUA (Cambodia), MOAF (Laos), IRRI (Philippines) and JHI (Scotland).

Funding: IRD (ARTS) thesis grant, LMI RICE operation, BioAsia (2013-2014), Effectors-Targets Team operation, British Council (2014). 

Project BACTERIES

Goal:

- Characterization of rice susceptibility genes to Xanthomonasoryzaepv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of rice vascular bacteriosis.

- Identification of some plant genes that are potentially direct targets of Xoo TAL effectors. Their functional analysis constitutes Tuan Tu Tran's thesis project (2012-2015).

Funding: Thesis grant from Vietnam (VIED 322) complemented with GRiSP support.

Since 1994, Vietnam’s Government decided to make biotechnologies a tool of scientific and economic transformation of the country. In agriculture, the fulfilment of this objective is now a reality in the farmers’ fields since the Ministry of environment and natural resources issued the first approvals for commercial GM crops in 2014. In this context, this program aims to observe the impacts of biotechnologies on agricultural markets in Vietnam.

Research goals

To address these issues, the program is hosting by the LMI Rice, and will focused onto two important market drivers of plant innovation: intellectual property rights and quality standards.

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are tools for private appropriation, but more and more academic works show that IPRs on living forms can’t be an exclusive property but must be rethought as abundle of rights, given different usage rights to different users. Nevertheless, patents often give exclusive rights to their holders that limit (some say threaten) access to new genetic traits. This is an important stake that the project will handle in Vietnam with a particular attention to thecollective actionsof scientists and breeders to protect their innovations while keeping genetic resources and knowledge inopen access.

Mandatory and voluntary quality standards have also strong effects on resource appropriation and market concentration especially in seeds markets. They potentially jeopardize access to market to small farmers who could not reach the standard requirements, while new emerging large-scale commercial enterprises (with more capital, more knowledge and more technology) seem to be in a better position for implementing the new standards of biosafety and environmental sustainability. But, as in the case of IPRs, it’s very important to study the differentcollective actionsof different stakeholders to produce fair norms, accepted by all users willing to defend the quality and reputation of their products, not only in organic or fair-trade value chains, but also in safety food certification.

Local partners

Agricultural Genetics Institute(AGI), Pham Van Dong, Co Nhue, Tulem Hanoi, Vietnam;

University of Science and Technology of Hanoi(USTH), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi.

Funding

• Assigment of Frédéric Thomas to AGI, in the premises of the LMI Rice from the 1st September 2015 until the 31th August 2017
• Ongoing operational budget of UMR Paloc and LMI Rice
• ANR Govenpro (The history of the environmental governance by means of property) coordinated by Fabien Locher (CNRS) and Frédéric Thomas (IRD)

Coral ecosystems have declined dramatically over the past 30 years under the combined effect of global warming and anthropogenic pressure. Our work aims at understanding the role of micro-organisms (especially viruses and bacteria) that reside on the surface of corals, and determining their sensitivity to environmental disturbances.

Current activities and results

Several experimental studies in situ on various coral species (Ha Long and Nha Trang Bays) have shown that coral mucus supports extremely abundant viral and bacterial communities (> 107 /mL mucus), whose activity and diversity appears to be very specific and distinct from those of organisms in the water column. Work is now focused on elucidating whether viruses are likely to protect corals from opportunistic infections or whether, on the contrary, they promote their decline. 

Current projects

PATRICIA(2014-2017) : The Viral Paradox in Coral Ecosystems: The Case of Nha Trang Bay (Vietnam) (PI :Y Bettarel, Total Foundation)

DALIDA(2015-2017)Ecogenomics of viruses in the coral reefs of Phu Quoc and Con Dao (Vietnam)(PI Y Bettarel, PHC Hoa Sen)

Partners

IMER, IO, NIHE, IBT

Vietnam is currently the second largest exporter of rice in the world. As such, rice cultivation in Vietnam is of capital importance, for the country itself, but also because it greatly contributes to ensuring food security in Asian countries. The two major rice production basins in Vietnam, the Mekong and Red River deltas, are particularly threatened by global warming. This is reflected on the one hand by a significant drop in the level of these rivers creating a lack of water which can create a drought in certain places;  on the other hand a rise in sea level causes soil salinization. Rice cultivation in Vietnam is also greatly affected by the regular emergence of new viruses, causing very large yield losses, against which no phytosanitary treatment is effective. The adaptation of rice cultivation to less irrigated agrosystems also suggests an increase in the problems linked to infections by nematodes which also cause large drops in yield and can also be vectors of viral diseases.

 Research objectives

The first objective of this laboratory is to address fundamental research questions in order to help develop rice varieties capable of producing better under stressful conditions. Issues related to resistance to biotic stress will be treated in association with researchers from the UMR RPB (UM2 / IRD) and the Hanoi Plant Protection Institute (PPRI, VAAS).

The second objective is to make LMI an open platform in plant biotechnology and functional genomics to facilitate the emergence of new collaborative projects. We therefore hope to not only make the LMI a structuring unity for research at local level, but also between the French scientific community supported by the USTH consortium and this region of the world via the collaboration network that the IAG maintains with the other countries of Southeast Asia in particular.

Finally, the third objective of the LMI is to contribute to the training of Vietnamese students both at the master's level and at the doctoral level. The establishment of the LMI in partnership with the University of Sciences and Techniques of Hanoi (USTH), offers an exceptional opportunity to set up an ambitious research and teaching operation in Southeast Asia thanks to a partnership on the one hand, bringing together the two main UMR UM2 / IRD working in the plant sciences of Montpellier with several Agronomic Research Institutes of the VAAS (IAG, PPRI) and the USTH (see general diagram).

The development of these projects makes it possible to federate within the LMI a wide range of skills in functional genomics of rice from researchers in Montpellier, in addition to the skills of Vietnamese researchers in biotechnology, genetics and pathology of rice. The concomitant realization of these projects will make it possible to release, in scientific terms, an added value at the interfaces: comparative study of the processes controlling branching at the level of the panicle and root, comparative study of the mechanisms involved in the constitutive development or in response to the nematodes of roots, use of silencing viral suppressant proteins to discover new micro RNAs and genes involved in the development of panicles or roots, optimization of vectors to induce strong and specific silencing in the plant.

 Activities and results

The main objective of the LMI RICE is to develop original research in comparative functional genomics aimed at identifying major genes involved in the rice productivity and resistance to stress. These choices must answer to the priorities expressed by our Vietnamese partners and must ultimately help provide solutions to the main challenges of rice growing in Vietnam. This research is based on complementary expertise in functional genomics, molecular biology, genetic engineering, pathology and genetics possessed by the researchers involved in the UMR DIADE and RPB, the IAG and the PPRI. One of the original features of this project is also to rely on a comparative approach using the natural diversity existing within several rice species (wild, O. barthii, O. rufipogon and cultivated, O. glaberrima and O. sativa ), of Vietnamese rice population (North Vietnam has the advantage of being at the heart of the domestication zone of O. sativa) to discover new genes and allelic forms of interest. These approaches must lead to improvement actions, either through breeding programs or through genetic engineering which will be relayed by our Vietnamese partners. This research will also advance fundamental knowledge about the mechanisms of development and resistance of plants to pests, as well as the processes of evolution and domestication of rice. Four entry points have been selected, two relate to developmental processes, two relate to resistance to pests. The fact that the pathogens studied deregulate the genes involved in developmental control makes it possible to identify original scientific interfaces specific to this LMI project.

Panicle branching and productivity

The number of grains per panicle is one of the major characteristics that determine productivity. It depends on the branching level of the panicle. Research approaches for QTL in populations in segregation between different varieties of O. sativa have already made it possible to isolate some genes and their allelic variants involved in the ramification of the rice panicle (Chuck and Bortiri; Miura et al .; Doust, 2007; Barazesh and McSteen, 2008). To isolate new ones, we propose to use natural variability within the genus Oryza for this characteristic: there is indeed a gradation in the level of branching of the panicle between wild species (O. Barthii, O. rufipogon) sparsely branched, African cultivated (O. glaberrima), intermediate, and Asian cutilvated (O. sativa), where we find varieties with moderate to very branched panicles. Panicle development will be studied from the morpho-cytological point of view on the one hand and on the other hand through the structural and functional diversity of a certain number of candidate genes orthologous to genes already identified in other plants during our own work of differentiating meristems at the level of inflorescences (EST bank of rice inflorescence) (Thompson and Hake, 2009). Expression patterns correlated with meristem differentiation events at the panicle level are studied. The allelic diversity of these genes will be sought in a collection of rice varieties with contrasting panicle architectures in order to identify allelic forms associated with significant panicle branching. The functional implication of these allelic forms in the control of panicle development will be validated by functional genomics approaches. The alleles thus identified may be used in the selection programs.

Ramification of the root system and tolerance to water stress

A dense and deep root system allows the plant to make better use of the soil's water resources and to tolerate temporary water stress. The root system of rice is mainly composed of adventitious roots originating at the base of the stem (Coudert et al., 2010). Screening of insertion mutant banks has made it possible to identify 3 genes controlling the differentiation the strength and adventitious of roots in rice, one of which codes for the transcription factor CRL1 (CrownRootLess1) (Inukai et al., 2005; Liu et al ., 2005). In this study we propose to characterize new genes involved in the differentiation and development of nodal roots by functionally characterizing the genes regulated by CRL1 and by studying their genetic diversity in a collection of rice varieties with contrasting root architectures (rice varieties wild, cultivated African and Asian especially Vietnamese). Comparative transcriptome studies have identified dozens of genes regulated by CRL1 (our work). We propose to identify among these genes those which constitute direct targets of CRL1 and which are involved in the development of adventitious roots by several complementary approaches: QPR analysis of the expression of these genes in response to auxin (which induced CRL1) in WT and the mutant crl1, analysis of the expression domain by in situ hybridization at the level of the stem bases, screening of insertion mutants with regard to root development. These approaches are expected to clarify the gene regulatory network controlled by CRL1 and to identify new genes for adventitious root development. The allelic diversity of the most interesting genes will be studied in a rice variety population with regard to the variability of the architecture of the root system. We thus hope to identify allelic forms associated with characteristics of density of the root system favorable to a better tolerance to water stress, which could be introduced in the selection programs (Sanguineti et al., 2007; Zhu et al., 2008 ).

Mechanism of rice resistance to viruses 

In recent years several new viral strains have appeared in Vietnam and greatly affect rice growing (Du et al., 2005). Virus resistance genes are infrequent and often quickly bypassed. We therefore wish to develop research aimed at developing, through genetic engineering, multiple and lasting resistances against viral infections (Shimizu et al., 2009). This first requires a study and knowledge of the diversity of these viruses and their biology (in particular their mechanisms of resistance to RNA interference). In this project we will mainly focus on two viruses particularly prevalent in Vietnam: the Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV, Tenuivirus) and the Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV, Phytoreovirus). Strains of these viruses will be collected in North and South Vietnam and then sequenced. The variable and conserved areas of the genome of these viruses will thus be identified (Fargette et al., 2008). These studies will identify areas of the viral genome to be targeted by RNA interference. RNA interference strategies will be implemented in rice by transgenesis using simple constructs or vectors targeting multiple viral genes simultaneously (Curtis and Grossniklaus, 2003; Lacombe et al., 2008). The induced resistances will be analyzed for their effectiveness and their durability. The resistances thus induced can be pyramidized and introduced by introgression in different varieties.

Resistance of rice to nematodes

Nematodes cause heavy yield losses in rice, especially in conditions of lack of water. The aim is to specify the major causes, both on the nematode side and on the plant side, involved in establishing the interaction, in order to ultimately inactivate them by RNA interference. Using compatible (O. sativa) and incompatible (O. glaberrima) interaction systems, metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches have identified key causes secreted by the nematode and pave the way for the identification of genes, involved in the plant in the control of modification of root development allowing the differentiation of giant cells necessary for the life and reproduction of the nematode (Bellafiore et al., 2008; Bellafiore and Briggs, 2010). The exact role of these causes and these root development genes will be studied by direct and reverse genetics approaches (Rosso et al., 2005). Finally, the nucleotide variability of the genes encoding the most important cause will be studied in a collection of isolates of nematode strains collected in Vietnam and linked to the virulence of nematodes. This knowledge should allow the design of new strategies using induction of RNA interference in the plant against key genes involved in the virulence of nematodes, in order to create varieties of rice resistant to them (Huang et al., 2006).

Teaching and training

Upon his arrival in Vietnam Pascal Gantet was involved in the start of the first year of the Master Biotechnology-Pharmacology of the USTH for which he is responsible. He coordinated the implementation of the timetable of the 17 successive French missionaries and in relation with Dr. Quyen Dinh Thi of the Vietnamese speakers. A strong point of this activity was the reception and the realization within the LMI RICE, in accordance with the mission of the LMI to support training in the South, practical work of biotechnology and plant genomics (25 hours in all approximately).

Fundings

IGA

IRD, UMR 232 DIADE

UM2

USTH

Participants

Pr. Pascal GANTET, UMR 232 DIADE

 Pr. DO Nang Vinh, NKLPCB, IAG

Le Thi Van Anh, PhD student UM2, UMR 232 DIADE,

Pré Martial, ATER UM2

TA Kim Nhung, PhD student UM2, UMR 232 DIADE,

Nguyen Thanh Duc, PhD student, UMR 186 RPB

Nguyen Vu Phong, PhD Student, UMR 186 RPB

Hà Nội est restée confinée dans un espace limité jusqu’au début des années 1990. Depuis lors, on assiste à un processus de « rattrapage urbain » pour qu’elle obtienne le statut de métropole internationale. Cette extension urbaine s’opère sur des marges rurales, densément peuplées aux activités productives diversifiées. Plus de 500 villages ont développé des activités artisanales et semi-industrielles. Ces activités très variées (vannerie, métallurgie, textile, transformations de produits agricoles) très consommatrices de main-d’œuvre s’opèrent dans un milieu résidentiel déjà très sollicité pour l’habitat. De plus, une ceinture verte spécialisée dans le maraîchage approvisionne la capitale et occupe une population nombreuse.

Objectif du programme

Depuis 2009, dans le cadre de l’ANR « les suds », nous étudions dans quelles conditions (gouvernance locale, foncières et de législation environnementale) Hà Nôi peut-elle s’étendre sur ses marges périurbaines et intégrer les villages de métier en maintenant leurs dynamiques économiques et démographiques fondées sur la pluri-activité et la flexibilité de l’embauche d’une main-d’œuvre nombreuse. Comment l’intervention de nouveaux acteurs dans le développement urbain (promoteurs privés, vietnamiens et étrangers) risque de remettre en cause la pluri-activité liée à l’agriculture et donc la capacité d’embauche d’une main-d’œuvre pléthorique dans les villages de métier, et la politique de protection contre les inondations que l’Etat vietnamien avait mise en place depuis plusieurs siècles ? Comment les villageois expropriés se reconvertissent-ils, ou tout au moins pallient la perte de leurs terres agricoles ? Le tourisme culturel peut-il être un moyen de revaloriser ces villages et leurs activités ?

Justification

Dans un contexte politique où les autorités nationales et provinciales s’interrogent sur les modalités d’un contrôle de l’expansion de Hanoi et des moyens pour maintenir la population rurale sur place, le thème des villages de métier est d’actualité et une évaluation des capacités des villages de métier à contenir la population rurale et à dynamiser le développement économique dans les campagnes surpeuplées, dans un contexte environnemental soutenable, parait nécessaire.

Financements

ANR PERISUD « Dynamiques territoriales à la périphérie des métropoles des Suds ».

IRD, UMR 196 CEPED

La conservation des ressources génétiques est devenue un enjeu d’échelle planétaire sous les effets conjugués d’une érosion génétique accélérée, du développement des biotechnologies et de la mise en place de droits de propriété intellectuelle sur le vivant. Depuis la Convention sur la diversité biologique et les accords ADPIC, l’accès à ces ressources et le partage des bénéfices qui en découlent (pour les industries utilisatrices) avec les populations autochtones (qui ont participé à leur conservation) sont devenus des sujets très débattus entre les pays développés et en développement.

Objectifs des recherches

Comment ces contraintes environnementales globales et la gouvernance internationale de la biodiversité se traduisent localement pour les populations paysannes ? L’entrée récente du Vietnam dans l’OMC l’a conduit à développer un droit des brevets sur les ressources génétiques nationales et des droits pour les obtenteurs de variétés végétales nouvelles. Nous étudions les impacts économiques et sociaux de ces nouvelles réglementations ; il s’agit d’en mesurer les effets en termes de conservation de la biodiversité agricole ex situ (banque de gènes) et in situ (gestion participative paysanne, etc.).

Le programme ABS au Vietnam vise à collecter, diffuser et échanger toutes les informations (statistiques, rapports, textes internationaux, réglementations nationales, travaux académiques…) susceptibles d’éclairer les décideurs vietnamiens dans l’élaboration des politiques publiques de gestion des ressources génétiques agricoles.

Participants

Frédéric Thomas, UMR 208 PALOC

Dao The Anh, CASRAD

Si l’éducation et la formation sont des priorités pour le pays depuis la lutte pour l’indépendance, l’impact positif de l’éducation sur la réduction de la pauvreté, qui semble faire l’objet d’un consensus international, a entrainé l’inscription des politiques nationales d’éducation dans les différents objectifs internationaux (EPT, ODM, etc.) et un renforcement de l’importance du respect des engagements pris au niveau international. Pourtant, les études de terrain montrent que nombre d’enfants sont encore exclus de la scolarisation dès le primaire à cause de leur pauvreté.

Objectif de recherche

Analyser la modification des contours de la politique d’éducation/formation au Viêt-nam, et de l’articulation entre les politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté et les politiques éducatives. Il s’agit d’analyser l’impact de ces changements sur la situation éducative, et la manière dont les familles, en particulier les familles pauvres, y réagissent.

Recherche en cours

Les résultats obtenus permettent de montrer que lutter contre la pauvreté ne consiste pas seulement à mettre en œuvre des programmes ciblés sur certains des groupes de population ou zones géographiques, mais implique une prise en compte des obstacles qu’elle constitue à tous les échelons de l’administration du système éducatif. Des enquêtes qualitatives ont été réalisées dans des communes/quartiers des provinces d’An Giang, Ca Mau, Diên Biên, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh Ville, Khanh Hoa, Nam Dinh, et Soc Trang entre 2007 et 2010.

Participants

Nolwen HENAFF, UMR 196 CEPED

Marie-France LANGE, UMR 196 CEPED

TRAN Thi Kim Thuan, VNIES